Business case and environment Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Business case and environment - Dissertation Example However, the HR related works are still scattered across the various departments in the organization. However, the CEO of the company has other bigger and better plans. (As the next section says the plans referred tot he expansion plans. Please have a look. ) The CEO wanted to expand the company. The expansion is supposed to happen both in case of product line as well distribution, as the top management plans to open two more retail shops in the country; one in Calgary and another one in Toronto. Therefore the organization needs manpower both in case of quality and quantity. So the organization is going through a transformation phase. However, it is to be added that the employees of the company has not yet been informed about the proposed idea of change. In order to achieve the organizational objective the management has hired some new experienced faces. One of them happens to be the HR manger. This section of the study would look to analyze the way the HR manager dealt with th e problems, solved them and effectively implemented the organizational change would be discussed. Data Collection The data collected happens to be secondary in nature. The main reason for such choice is the fact that the secondary data collection method is the best to gather quality and relevant data within a short period of time in a cost effective fashion. Also it is to be added that the secondary collected is primarily qualitative in nature. One of the main challenges faced by the HR manager was the integration of the HR department. As mentioned earlier the HR department had two staffs only looking after recruitment and operations. Also the HR works were scattered over the other departments. Therefore the HR manager realized that it is important have all the HR activities under one umbrella. Hence the HR manager decided to recruit some HR executives so that the HR functions can be integrated. Each of the HR executives was given responsibility to look after the HR issues related t o issues of each department. Each of the executives will act as a touch point to the departmental heads. Each of the executives would be reporting to the HR manger. In this way the manger would be able to be in touch with the different departmental heads and also the HR department would become integrated in nature. The next area of focus for the HR manger was the employee morale and productivity. After analyzing the past employee records the manger found out that the average age of employees in the organization is six to eight months. This needs to be changed if the organization plans to achieve growth. Therefore the manager asked the HR executives to carry out an organizational research to find out the key pressure points. Based on the findings of the survey the manager found out that there is a lot of uncertainty regarding the reporting relationships and job security in the organization. Also many of the employees were not properly sure about the job description. Add to that the m anger also found out that since the HR organizational did not have a fully operational HR department activities such as the performance appraisal, salary increments were quite fragmented in nature. Therefore the manger decided to create Key result areas (KRA) and job descriptions for each of the designations. This would most certainly help the employees understand the roles in the organization. The employees can understand what is expected of them

Academic And Non Academic Writing English Language Essay

Academic And Non Academic Writing English Language Essay Writing may be categorised as either academic or non-academic. Academic writing is generally used in items such as scholarly essays, business reports and textbooks. In contrast, non-academic writing is commonly employed in newspaper reports, Internet postings and novels. This analysis defines these categories and contrasts them in terms of readership, structure and style. Two extracts, each of which offers perspectives on privacy in the modern world, are utilised to illustrate these differences. The introduction from the book, The Privacy Advocates: Resisting the Spread of Surveillance by Colin J. Bennett is an academic source of writing. Siva Vaidhyanathans online Guardian article, Our Digitally Undying Memories is an exemplar of a non-academic text. The two authors address relatively different readerships. This is reflected in the nature of the publications. Bennetts book is published by Cambridge, a recognised scholarly printing company, while Vaidhyanathans writing appears on a newspaper Website; branding it as non-academic. It is also clear that Vaidhyanathan targets a general audience highlighting a privacy issue which is of everyday public concern, while Bennett is writing for a narrower readership. Bennetts audience would include people who are already familiar with the content of the piece. In this instance, with knowledge of privacy in the modern day including, [] biometric identifiers, the retention of communications traffic data, the use of cookies and spyware by Websites []. Unlike Bennett, Vaidhyanathan addresses a readership of anyone with access to the internet. He does not assume the reader has any prior knowledge of the topic and shares the information around as he invites the reader to form their own opinions an d conclusions. Bennetts extract achieves the opposite. He is directly telling the audience what to think and leaves no time for the reader to develop an opinion. This is done by the utilisation of the impersonal, distant third person. Vaidhyanathan employs first person to include the reader; to draw them in. He uses terms such as, we can be and many of us. This forms a personal relationship between the author and the readers, a hallmark of non-academic writing. Structural differences reinforce the inter-personal nature of non-academic writing. These can be observed at the sentence and paragraph level. Bennetts academic piece incorporates fully-developed and cohesive sentences that combine to create long and logically progressed paragraphs. These paragraphs are made up of a topic sentence, followed by elaboration and then a concluding sentence that links to the next paragraph. This can be seen when Bennett uses phrases such as, surveillance is, therefore and thus to determine. The paragraphs themselves are equally ordered in a hierarchy and the title, Introduction is extremely functional. Finally Bennett uses at least eight sources in the extract and gives multiple references for examples; seven being the largest number appearing together. In Vaidhyanathans writing, the non-academic style becomes highly apparent; the article is more like a conversation. The sentences are commonly fragmented with several alternate lengths. The shortest senten ce at four words, They dont choose us is dwarfed by the longest sentence at forty-two words. This demonstrates the variety that non-academic writing entails. Topic and concluding sentences are rare and there is no real hierarchy or specific logical progression and, while Vaidhyanathan mentions a range of sources, he rarely refers to them directly to back up his ideas. Additionally the title of the piece could not be more different to Bennetts dry, Introduction. Our digitally undying memories is a title that motivates a person to read on. Stylistic contrasts are also apparent in the body of the texts. Bennetts writing maintains a formal tone and often uses technical language. This includes terms such as, ubiquitous realities of contemporary surveillance, journalistic parlance, and culturally and historically contingent. The language is also generally theoretical and concise seen in the example: Privacy advocates operate within a range of institutions. However in Vaidhyanathans article, the general tone is conversational and unlike Bennetts there are attempts at humour throughout the piece. An example of this humour appears when he says, [] yep, I Googled it to find the date []. Also frequent in this extract are contractions such as cant and dont which reinforce the informality of the writing. Colloquialisms such as, most of our stuff are also apparent. The language employed by Vaidhyanathan emphasises casualness. He uses everyday terms that are modern and well known such as Googled, YouTube, and How cool is that? Fina lly, Vaidhyanathan is at times verbose. The information conveyed in the sentence, Judge Sonia Sotomayor discovered the cost of warped perception fed by the permanent archive of trivia when her nomination to the U.S. Supreme Court was saddled by the exploitation of one small YouTube clip [], would have been presented much more concisely in an academic text. Academic and non-academic writing each have their own specific readership, structure and style. The contrasts between the two are evident at the word, sentence and paragraph levels. Academic writing usually incorporates a more formal structure and style and is commonly directed toward a narrow and specific audience. Non-academic writing incorporates a simpler and conversational tone in both structure and style. And while academic readers may need some prior knowledge on the topic, the targeted readers of non-academic writing are a more general group with everyday knowledge.

Esek vs Hopkins :: essays research papers

The birth of the United States Navy on 13 October 1775 formed a defensive measure in response to the growing need to protect the commerce of a developing nation from the then largest navy in the world, the British fleet. Esek Hopkins, the brother of a powerful Rhode Island politician found himself selected as the first Commander in Chief of the Continental Navy. During the French and Indian War, Hopkins quickly emerged as an experienced merchantman as well as a participant in the profitable privateering of British commerce vessels. On Hopkins’ first mission as Commander in Chief, he found himself in a bind and resorts to his skills as a privateer rather than a Continental naval officer. Years later the United States continued to have problems with commerce raiders, this time with the Barbary Pirates of the Mediterranean Sea. A young man, the son of a Revolutionary privateer, became the answer to this problem; he was known as Stephen Decatur. Decatur led many successful missio ns in the Mediterranean and became famous for his leadership and heroism. A comparison of the careers of Hopkins and Decatur proves that the success of naval leaders depends not only upon their skill as mariners, but also upon experience, judgment, and luck.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both Hopkins and Decatur came from seafaring families and were skilled sailors, but Decatur’s experience as a naval officer gave him an advantage over Hopkins. After ten years as a shipmaster on the West Indies Route, Hopkins proved his naval prowess as a successful privateer during the French and Indian War, indicating that he was â€Å"as good a warrior as a trader.† However, his lack of experience showed in his battle with the Glasgow, where he exercised little control over the ships within his command, operating as privateers rather than as a fleet. While Decatur had fewer years at sea, he had more military skill than Hopkins primarily because he garnered his experience within an organized navy rather than as a privateer operating independently. As a result, one could expect Decatur to be more successful in organized naval battles than Hopkins.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Decatur did not necessarily show better judgment than Hopkins, but his lapses of judgment seemed more popularly acceptable. Hopkins did not adequately consider political context in his decision-making. His actions in leaving the southern colonies unprotected in order to capture a fort in the Bahamas and his offering of the spoils to the northern colonies without consulting Congress showed his insensitivity to the need of the new nation to overcome separatism.

The Originality of Levinas: Pre-Originally Categorizing the Ego :: Philosophy Essays

The Originality of Levinas: Pre-Originally Categorizing the Ego ABSTRACT: Levinas depicts a pluralism of subjectivity older than consciousness and self-consciousness. He repudiates Heidegger's notion of solitude in order to explore the implications of the Husserlian pure I outside the subject. A hidden Good constitutes the Other in the self: a diremption not at the expense of the unity of the self. Levinas stands with Nietzsche on the side of life which requires and is capable of no justification whatsoever. But for Levinas the totality is ruptured by the thought that there is a unity of self undiminished by its immemorial responsibility for the Other, a unity of self beyond totality. This self containing the Other is the transcendence of the Ego otherwise immanent in Husserl's pure intentionality. Just here Levinas' thought is most perfectly distinguished from Sartre's notion of the transcendence of the Ego as complete exclusion from the immanence of intentionality. The pure I is otherwise than the Hegelian absolute Elastizità ¤t: incarnate and inspirited, the "self tight in its own skin." The transubstantiation of Ego to Other has not yet occurred to thought in Levinas, but what does occur here is the altersubstantiation of the I. The Other in the Same is an alteration of essence. It is precisely through thinking the contraction of [the modern] essence [of consciousness] that Levinas thinks otherwise than being, beyond essence, thinks "a thought profounder and 'older' than the cogito." Humanity signifies a "new image" of the Infinite in the preoriginary freedom by which the Self shows the Other mercy. The curve on the hither side of consciousness is 'a concave without a convex': the cuspidal infinity of interiority turned absolutely inside outside the other within: an interiority without walls, infinitely exposed. Then straight is the highway between the cusps of this absolutely inverted consciousness — better than consciousness — transcending the original curvature of consciousness and self-consciousness. This one-way straightaway is the immemorial contact of self and other. It is the absolute proximity which is the approach, without return, from the self to the other . This is the approach — without method — before any notion of reciprocity and reflective or pre-reflective consciousness. This love or non-indifference prior to all conscious differentiation, this possibility of being for-one-another is the responsibility of the self to do for the Other. The indispensability of the flesh to this turning of the self to the Other signifies the excellence whereby the human transcends the angelic.

Lab Report Info

Lab Report Procedure 6. 1: Perform Benedict’s test for reducing sugars. Introduction: Benedict’s tests allows for the detection of the presence of reducing sugars. All monosaccharides are reducing sugars since all of them have active carbonyl group. Some disaccharides that are exposed to a carbonyl group are also reducing sugars but less reactive than monosaccharides. By mixing the sugar solution with Benedict’s solution and heating them, a redox reaction will occur.The copper (II) sulphate present in Benedict’s solution reacts with electrons from aldehyde or ketose group of reducing sugars to form cuprous oxide, a red brown precipitate. Materials: The materials used in order to detect starches was: test tubes, distilled water, Benedict’s solution, starch were used. Negative Control: H20 Positive Control: Starch Obtain nine test tubes and number them 1-9 Add to each tube the materials to be tested. Add 2ml of Benedict’s solution to each tube. Place all the tubes in boiling water- bath for 3 minutes and observe color changes during this time. After 3 minutes , remove the tubes from the water- bath and give the tubes ample time to cool to room temperature. Record the color of their contents. Procedure 6. 2: Perform the iodine test for starch Tube Solution Benedict’s Color Reaction Iodine Color Reaction 1 10 drops onion juice No change Blue->Black w/white No change 2 10 drops potato juice Precipitation Yellow-> blue 3 10 drops sucrose solutionNo change No change 5 10 drops distilled water No change No change 6 10 drops reducing sugar solution Blue No change 7 10 drops starch solution No change Yellow-> Blue 8 Unknown Blue-> Red Brown 9 Unknown 2 Blue Brown 4 10 drops glucose solution Blue-> Brown No change Tube Solution Color 1 2 ml egg albumen Green/yellow 2 2 ml honey No change 3 2ml amino acid solution Purple 4 2ml distilled water No change 5 2ml protein solution Purple 6 Unknown Colorless 7 Unknown 2 Colorless

Reaction Paper: GMRC Essay

For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only begotten Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. John 3:16 As we grow older things started to change. Changes in our surroundings, people we meet every day, our own point of view in life, and our own faith. These changes affect our daily existence. As a child, we are innocent of everything, we don’t care if we get tired of just playing around for the whole day, we don’t care if our clothes get dirty, we don’t care if there is a dirt on our face, but we do get scared when our mother and father get mad on us for the mistakes that we do. But in spite of these as a child; we still give the beautiful smile without keeping any grudges deep in our heart. As a child, we are pure and innocent and there is a glow of faith to God in our child heart. As we grow older, we are starting to expose to the reality of life. Life becomes complicated. We starting to have enemies and keep grudge s in our heart, we starting to become attached to the materials things around us, we starting to disobey our parents, we starting to be weak and fall on the sin, and we started to slip away on our faith and forget that there is a loving and forgiving God that watching us. As we celebrating the Christmas season, I would like to give emphasis to our FAITH and a beautiful verse and the heart of the bible, John chapter 3 verses 16. â€Å"For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only begotten Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.† If we give our self a time to reflect on this remarkable verse on the bible, it will really transform our faith and our life. People may asks with a lot of how, why, who, and what questions on how this verse will affects us in our faith and to our daily life. Yes indeed, people will always questions God for so many reasons but we don’t bother to reflect and to analyze our own actions to our selves, towards our love ones and to the other people, to our environment and how much we offended GOD for the many sins we committed every single day. When our great father Adam and our great mother Eve committed the biggest sin, they cut the string that binding us to God, the morta l sin that passes to the generation of all mankind. But God is so good; he works in many mysterious ways and promises to save the human race from sin. God gave his one and only begotten son Jesus Christ to us. We celebrate the Christmas because the birth of Jesus Christ gives us new hope and new  life. The births of Jesus Christ on the manger show and reflect the humility of the Son of God. Also through this humility of the son of GOD, the three wise men give homage, respect and gave different kind of gifts that only for a king. The birth of Jesus Christ rejoices our heart in gladness. The birth of Jesus Christ is knocking at a door of our hardened heart and teaching us to be a child again. A child heart that is full of hope, happiness, humility, care, love and faith. It’s amazing how God really works and show how much He care and love the human kind through his Son Jesus. God sent his son Jesus to the world to carry a greatest mission, a mission to save all mankind from sin that weaken and destroy our faith. Jesus lives a life on earth with simplicity, love and obedience to his father Joseph and mother Mary but He never f orget the greatest work that our Lord God put on his shoulders. He started to proclaim the words of the Lord. He started to travelled and performed different kind of miracles. He touches and changed the life of different people. He healed different kind of sickness that makes our earthly body weak. Jesus Christ founded the sacrament of the Eucharist. While they were eating, Jesus took bread, said the blessing, broke it, and giving it to his disciples said, â€Å"Take and eat; this is my body.† Then He took a cup, gave thanks and gave it to them saying, â€Å"Drink from it, all of you, for this is my blood of the covenant, which will be shed on behalf of many for the forgiveness of sins.† (Matthew 26: 26-28). At the last suffer; Jesus founded the Eucharist to share with us His life and to provide us with the commemoration of his suffering and pain. When the time of Jesus Christ came, He carries his greatest mission. He shows his humility, as his holiness and divinity are trampled upon by the people he has chosen to be his own. People spit in His face and He struck him and while other slapped him by saying that his not the Messiah. But Jesus Christ accepted every pain, mocking and humiliation that the people gave to him without talking back or complaining. Jesus Christ can ask God the Father to send angels and protect him but he chooses to suffer in obedience to the will of the Father. Jesus Christ embraced all mankind, when He stretched his hands on the cross to redeem us from our sins. Jesus Christ cross proclaims the wonder of his love to all of us. God the father willed his one and only begotten son Jesus, to die on the cross for the sins of the world for us to understand how much God and Jesus Christ love the mankind  unconditionally. As we accept Jesus Christ, true God and true man in our life, his victory on the cross teaches us to reflect on his suffering, death and resurrection in order for us to have an unfailing faith in Thy goodness that has no end. Jesus Christ led us to many beautiful lessons. He teaches us to reflect and to be strong and to hold on to our faith in the midst of present danger and fear. He teaches us to bear our cross so that we may be united to his suffering as we pass by on our earthly life and to be worthy to hope for a new life in the kingdom of God.

The Serious Problem of Domestic Violence - 2524 Words

The writer of this essay discusses about family violence, a serious social problem, and its effects on the public. Family violence also known as domestic violence â€Å"is when someone uses abusive behaviour [physical, sexual, or emotional] to control and/or harm a member of [his or her] family, or someone with whom they have an intimate relationship.† (Department of Justice) The writer explains why family violence/domestic violence is a social problem and whom the issue affects. The writer describes, how the problem shallows the whole society and the families with family violence occurring in the household. In this essay the writer discusses the cost of domestic violence and affects of it on the average taxpayers. This essay highlights the†¦show more content†¦Young children might not be the direct targets of the abuse, yet witnessing abuse in the household can harm them permanently and can cause psychological and behavioural problems. Children exposed to violen ce at home act different as compared to the children living in a healthy family. Witnessing abuse or being victim to abuse â€Å"increases ones risk of delinquency, adult criminal behavior and violent behaviors† (O’Keefe, 1996). Children are considered a nation’s future and family violence leaves negative remarks on children. The negative impacts and experiences disrupt young children from contributing to the maximum in the society and fill in their role. Family is a first institution of socialization. Children perform what they observe, and if young children observe one parent abusing the other parent he or she will be raised with the idea that family violence is a norm and will contribute to the cycle of family violence in the future, and the cycle will continue on without being questioned. Children who witness and are victim of abuse at home are more likely to have aggressive behaviour, which includes arguing with everyone, disobedience in school, disrupting class with rude behaviour. (Moylan et al. 2009) Such behaviour affects other children in school even though they are not part of the household where the abuse is occurring. Family violence is not easily pointed out because anyone can be a target ofShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence : A Serious Problem1381 Words   |  6 PagesThere is no denying that domestic violence directed towards women is a serious problem all over the world, and here in the United States. The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence reports that every 9 seconds, a woman is physically assaulted or abused in America.(NCADV) To understand domestic violence, one must first understand what domestic violence can consist of, and that is; the use or threat to use physical, sexual, or verbal behavior to force the partner to do something one wants; toRead MoreDomestic Violence Is A Serious And Ever Growing Problem1396 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Violence Domestic violence is a serious and ever growing problem that the United States is faced with. Many people have suffered from domestic violence, and many more are still suffering even though the abuse ended years ago. Domestic violence victims still continue to suffer from the experience to this day. The effects of domestic violence creates something that will stick with the victim for a lifetime. Because victims fear reporting their problems to the police, many accounts of domesticRead MoreGibson 1. Josie Gibson . Mrs. Archila . Eng 102. 24 March1276 Words   |  6 PagesGibson 1 Josie Gibson Mrs. Archila ENG 102 24 March 2017 Synthesis Domestic violence is an ongoing epidemic affecting people around the world. Over the years, the problem of domestic violence has raised an abundance of questions: how serious is the issue, and what actions could be implemented to prevent it? In the article â€Å"Domestic Violence Has Been a Problem Throughout U.S. History†, it explains how the issue of domestic violence has been going on for decades; however, did not get address until recentRead MoreDomestic Violence is a Global Issue1347 Words   |  5 PagesDomestic Violence (DV) is a critical social issue that negatively impacts not only our own culture in America but as well as all other cultures around the world. Domestic Violence is a global issue reaching across national boundaries as well as socio-economic, cultural, racial and class distinctions (Kaur Garg 2008). Domestic Violence is a serious problem that can be seen around every society from families of both developed and underdeveloped countries and of different backgrounds. Although thereRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children And Children852 Words   |  4 Pagesthey can call home for as long as needed. We at Stop the Violence You Are Not Alone-CCMG want to raise awareness about Domestic Violence. Furthermore, we want to help women and children across the Chicago area with a goal of expanding nationwide.(lets start nationwide†¦) As a Domestic Violence survivor, I want to create an atmosphere where women and children feel safe. Many women don’t realize the danger that they are in. Domestic Violence is the control of one partner over another inRead MoreDomestic Violence Affects Women Health1399 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction of the Problem Many women are suffering from domestic violence every day, from physical, emotional, and even verbal abuse. Violence towards women is very important because it can cause a huge impact on women’s health and can even get as serious as death. So many women are getting some form of abuse and aren’t aware of how serious it can be. The problem that I will be discussing is how domestic violence affects women health. When previously taking Women’s Studies and Intro to Women’sRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Indigenous Women947 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle â€Å"Domestic violence against indigenous women is everybody’s problem† domestic violence is depicted as a serious social problem that involves â€Å"unspeakable acts of violence† that leaves victims experiencing fear and despair (Taylor 2014). More specifically, the social construction of domestic violence will be discussed with an emphasis on Aboriginal women and a typology of intimate partner violence. The social construction of domestic violence has serious implications for victims of domestic abuseRead MoreThe United States Department Of Justice Defines Domestic1466 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States Department of Justice defines domestic violence as â€Å"a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another in timate partne r.†(President’s Proclamation 2016). Domestic violence includes verbal, physical, sexual, or psychological attacks, even economic coercion. Bancroft et al. (2002 p.1)have claimed that 7 million or more children being exposed by acting of domestic violence each year in United States. Many of thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children915 Words   |  4 Pagesfor decades. In an article, â€Å"The Hidden Consequence Of Domestic Violence Linger For Decades†, from Think Progress, the author Tara Culp-Ressler wrote, â€Å"You’re at a higher risk for some of the largest health problems that our country is facing today† which informs that the victims of domestic violence are at higher risk of some of the serious health problems which can significantly impact on one’s life. Most of the affects of domestic violence are with health, which is caused mostly from physical abuseRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse1456 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Violence is violence between intimate partners. Intimate partners can be people who live together or people who are currently dating or have dated in the past. â€Å"Perhaps a better definition of domestic violence is emotional abuse, physical abuse, or sexual abuse between people who have at some point in time had an intimate or family relationship.† (AAETS). Emotional abuse is when an intimate partner has continuously criticized you, manipulated you with lies, and humiliated you in public or

Definition and Examples of Word Grammar (WG)

Word grammar is a general theory of language structure which holds that grammatical knowledge is largely a body (or network) of knowledge about words. Word grammar (WG) was originally developed in the 1980s by British linguist Richard Hudson (University College London).   Observations [Word Grammar theory] consists of the [following] generalization: A language is a network of entities related by propositions. -Richard Hudson, Word Grammar Dependency RelationsIn WG, syntactic structures are analyzed in terms of dependency relations between single words, a parent and a dependent. Phrases ​are defined by dependency structures which consist of a word plus the phrases rooted in any of its dependents. In other words, WG syntax does not use phrase structure in describing sentence structure, because everything that needs to be said about sentence structure can be formulated in terms of dependencies between single words. -Eva Eppler Language as a NetworkThe conclusions so far, then, are more or less uncontroversial:[T]he idea of language as a conceptual network actually leads to new questions and highly controversial conclusions. The words network and conceptual are both contentious. We start with the notion of language as a network. In WG, the point of this claim is that language is nothing but a network--there are no rules, principles, or parameters to complement the network. Everything in language can be defined formally in terms of nodes and their relations. This is also accepted as one of the main tenets of cognitive linguistics. -Richard Hudson, Language Networks: The New Word Grammar.   Word Grammar (WG) and Construction Grammar (CG)The central claim of WG is that language is organized as a cognitive network; the major consequence of this claim is that the theory eschews part-whole structures such as are central in Phrase Structure Grammar.   Phrases are not basic to WG analyses and so the central unit of organization within WG is the dependency, which is a pairwise relationship between two words. In this respect, the theory is different from Construction Grammar (CG), because WG has no level of analysis which is larger than the word and  the (pairwise) dependency which associates two words. . . . There are, however, some key points of similarity between WG and CG: both theories assume a symbolic relationship between the units  of syntax and an associated semantic structure; both theories are usage based;  both theories are declarative; both theories have a structured lexicon; and both theories exploit default inheritance. -Nikolas Gisborne, Dependencies Are Constructions: A Case Study in Predicative Complementation.   Sources Richard Hudson,  Word Grammar. Blackwell, 1984Eva Eppler, Word Grammar and Syntactic Code-Mixing Research.  Word Grammar: New Perspectives, ed. K. Sugayama and R. Hudson. Continuum, 2006Richard Hudson,  Language Networks: The New Word Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2007Nikolas Gisborne, Dependencies Are Constructions: A Case Study in Predicative Complementation.  Constructional Approaches to English Grammar, ed. by  Graeme Trousdale and Nikolas Gisborne. Walter de Gruyter, 2008